The most typical CMU types are the following: Types of CMU Blocksīecause there are so many different types and designs of CMU blocks, they may be used to build walls in a variety of ways.ĭespite the structural similarities among all concrete blocks, a single CMU wall is made up of a variety of different concrete block types.Įach block in the wall has a certain function to perform. In cases where a specific weight is necessary, architects must define the CMU weight. They cost more to purchase and install, though. The transmission of sound is typically reduced, the compressive strength is substantially stronger, and the heat storage capacity is larger with heavier units. Less expensive, easier to install, and typically with greater fire-resistant characteristics are lighter CMUs. The three categories of CMU are as follows:ġ) Lightweight CMU blocks with a weight of less than 105 lb/ft3Ģ) Medium-weight CMU blocks are those with weights between 105 and 125 lb/ft3, andģ) CMU Blocks of Normal Weight = 125 lb/ft3 or more in weight
The weight of CMU blocks is determined by the density of the concrete mix that is utilized. ASTM DesignationĬMU for construction of Catch Basins and ManholesĬalcium Silicate Masonry Units and Prefaced Concrete
The ICC codes use ASTM C90 as the standard, which applies to the majority of typical CMU construction. The ASTM standards that are relevant to concrete masonry units are included in the following table. According to the specifications, suitable materials, compressive strength, dimensional tolerance, moisture absorption, and other performance parameters are identified.Ĭoncrete brick is constructed from the same material as concrete block, but it is fabricated in sizes that are similar to those of conventional clay bricks (i.e., 2 and a half inches tall). When creating concrete blocks, CMU producers must adhere to ASTM requirements. CMU blocks are in basic sizes of 4 inches, 6 inches, 8 inches, 10 inches, and 12 inches, although some manufacturers also provide alternative sizes that are not included below. The sizes of CMU blocks are listed in the table below, both nominally and really. To save waste and labor associated with cut blocks, architects always strive to design buildings utilizing nominal proportions to the nearest half-block size. These blocks are also available in half-sizes, which helps eliminate the need to cut blocks on-site at wall or corner intersections. Depending on your plans, it can also be strengthened with rebar, either horizontally or vertically. This material’s advantage is that its lighter weight makes it easier to handle. The block’s cross-sectional area is decreased by around 25% as a result of this characteristic. CMU Block Shapesīlocks can have two or more cores and can be solid or hollow. You can build double-wythe walls, in which two courses of blocks are put together if you need more structural strength. The majority of CMU houses are built with single-wythe walls, which are made of single-wide rows of blocks stacked on top of one another. In order to prevent joints from cracking and walls from being destroyed, freestanding walls must often have both vertical and horizontal reinforcement.įor vertical reinforcement, straight-length steel bars are inserted into the concrete mix that is poured into holes of blocks at regular gaps.Īfter every third or fourth course of the block, metal strips are inserted into the wet mortar to give horizontal reinforcement.
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